Evidence for two different morphotypes of Difflugia tuberspinifera from China |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Aquatic Ecohealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China;2. Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Global Change, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;1. Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA;2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA;3. Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA;4. Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy;1. University of Alicante, Spain;2. University Complutense, Spain;3. University CEU Cardenal Herrera, Spain;1. Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;2. Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;3. CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Difflugia is a morphologically diverse genus of testate amoebae, which are common components of freshwater ecosystems. We observed a new morphotype similar to Difflugia tuberspinifera but without spine in four Xiamen reservoirs, Fujian Province, southeast China. We investigated its morphology and biometry using light and scanning electron microscopy. The linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis of biometric characters revealed that the spiny and spineless forms of D. tuberspinifera differed only in the presence or absence of spine. Shell height, shell diameter, aperture diameter and collar height did not differ significantly between the two morphotypes. The number of conical spines varies from 0 to 8. However, the distribution of spine numbers showed two main modes at 0 (spineless form 45.1% of individuals) and 4–6 (38.9%), suggesting the possible existence of two genetically distinct lineages. Spines may have ecological and evolutionary significance. Our results suggested that the spiny and spineless morphotypes of D. tuberspinifera represent either a single variable taxon with different ecotypes or sibling species. Further morphological studies on clonal variations and molecular approaches are needed to clarify if the spineless morph represents an independent species or not. |
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| Keywords: | Biometry New morphotype Taxonomy Testate amoebae Xiamen reservoirs |
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