Diets enriched in trans-11 vaccenic acid alleviate ectopic lipid accumulation in a rat model of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;2. Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;3. Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;4. Department of Pediatrics, Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, AB, Canada;1. National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway;2. Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic;3. Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA;2. Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA;3. Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Columbia, MO, USA;4. Arkansas Children''s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA;5. DuPont Nutrition & Health, St. Louis, MO, USA;6. Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA;7. Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA;1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;2. Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina;3. Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina;4. Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;5. Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;6. Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;7. Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;1. Immunomodulation Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland;2. Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;3. Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;4. Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland |
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| Abstract: | Trans11-18:1 (vaccenic acid, VA) is one of the most predominant naturally occurring trans fats in our food chain and has recently been shown to exert hypolipidemic effects in animal models. In this study, we reveal new mechanism(s) by which VA can alter body fat distribution, energy utilization and dysfunctional lipid metabolism in an animal model of obesity displaying features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Obese JCR:LA-cp rats were assigned to a control diet that included dairy-derived fat or the control diet supplemented with 1% VA. VA reduced total body fat (−6%), stimulated adipose tissue redistribution [reduced mesenteric fat (−17%) while increasing inguinal fat mass (29%)] and decreased adipocyte size (−44%) versus control rats. VA supplementation also increased metabolic rate (7%) concomitantly with an increased preference for whole-body glucose utilization for oxidation and increased insulin sensitivity [lower HOMA-IR (−59%)]. Further, VA decreased nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores (−34%) and reduced hepatic (−27%) and intestinal (−39%) triglyceride secretion relative to control diet, while exerting differential transcriptional regulation of SREBP1 and FAS amongst other key genes in the liver and the intestine. Adding VA to dairy fat alleviates features of MetS potentially by remodeling adipose tissue and attenuating ectopic lipid accumulation in a rat model of obesity and MetS. Increasing VA content in the diet (naturally or by fortification) may be a useful approach to maximize the health value of dairy-derived fats. |
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