The efficacy of three formulations of Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil in the reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with caries: A randomized,double-blind,controlled study |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry-Campus Sobral, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil;2. Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil;3. Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil;4. Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil;5. Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil;1. Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kouri”, Havana, Cuba;2. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Cuba;3. Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria;1. Department of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 224, Reading RG66DX, UK;2. Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK;1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria;2. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria;3. Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano |
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| Abstract: | Essential oils of many plants have been previously tested in the treatment of oral diseases and other infections. This study was a randomized, double-blind, in parallel with an active control study, which aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three formulations of the Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil (LSO) in the reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with caries. 81 volunteers, aged 6–12 years, both genders, with caries, were recruited to participate in this study, and randomly assigned to either one of five different groups. Each group received topical treatment with either 1.4% LSO toothpaste, 1.4% LSO gel, 0.8% LSO mouthwash, 1% chlorhexidine gel, or 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A 5-ml volume of each gel was placed inside disposable trays, and applied for 1 min, every 24 h, for 5 consecutive days. The mouthwash groups used 5-ml volume of a mouthwash inside disposable syringes. In the toothpaste group, children brushed their teeth for 1 min, once a day for 5 days. Saliva was collected before and after treatment. MS colonies were counted, isolated and confirmed through biochemical tests. Differences in MS levels measured in different days within the same treatment group was only verified with LSO toothpaste, chlorhexidine gel and chlorhexidine mouthwash. Comparison between groups of LSO mouthwash, toothpaste and gel showed that the toothpaste group expressed significantly lower MS levels than the mouthwash and gel groups at day-30. Chlorhexidine significantly reduced MS levels after 5 days of treatment, but these levels returned to baseline in other periods of the study. LSO toothpaste reduced MS levels after 5 days of treatment, and MS levels remained low and did not return to baseline during subsequent analysis. Hence, LSO toothpaste demonstrated the most long-lasting MS reduction in saliva, whereas other LSO formulations did not effectively reduce MS levels in children with dental caries. |
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| Keywords: | Dental caries |
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