Targeted alteration of the substrate specificity of peptide synthetases by rational module swapping |
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Authors: | A Schneider T Stachelhaus and M A Marahiel |
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Institution: | (1) Biochemie/Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universit?t Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany Fax: +49-6421-282191; e-mail: marahiel@ps1515.chemie.uni-marburg.de, DE |
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Abstract: | Analysis of the primary structure of peptide synthetases involved in the non-ribosomal synthesis of peptide antibiotics has
revealed a highly conserved and ordered modular arrangement. A module contains at least two domains, involved in ATP-dependent
substrate activation and thioester formation. The occurrence and arrangement of these functional building blocks is associated
with the number and order of the amino acids incorporated in the peptide product. In this study, we present data on the targeted
exchange of the leucine-activating module within the three-module surfactin synthetase 1 (SrfA-A) of Bacillus subtilis. This was achieved by engineering several hybrid srfA-A genes, which were introduced into the surfactin biosynthesis operon by in vivo recombination. We examined the hybrid genes
for expression and investigated the enzymatic activities of the resulting recombinant peptide synthetases. For the first time,
we demonstrate directly that an individual minimal module, of bacterial or fungal origin, confers its amino acid-specific
activity on a multi-modular peptide synthetase. Furthermore, it is shown that directed incorporation of ornithine at the second
position of the peptide chain induces a global alteration in the conformation of surfactin and may result in premature cyclization
or a branched cyclic structure.
Received: 10 July 1997 / Accepted: 11 September 1997 |
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Keywords: | Peptide synthetase Surfactin Minimal-module substitution Amino acid activation |
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