四川石渠县夏季藏原羚的分布和栖息地特征

藏原羚 (Procaprapicticaudata)是青藏高原特有的有蹄类动物之一。在 2 0世纪 80年代以前 ,藏原羚的分布较广、数量较多 ,其游牧习性有利于草场植被的持续稳定 ,在青藏高原的草原生态系统中占据着十分重要的生态地位 (Schaller,1998;尹秉高和刘务林 ,1993)。然而 ,由于人类活动的增多直接导致其栖息地的退化 ,同时掠夺式的过度猎杀使这一重要物种的分布区正在不断缩小 ,数量也在急剧减少 (Schaller,1998;朴仁珠和刘务林 ,1993;刘永生 ,1988;毕俊怀和凤凌飞 ,1999) ,如在西藏 ,从 2 0世纪 80年代后期至 90年代中后期约十年的时间 ,藏原羚的…

Characteristics of the Summer Tibetan Gazelle's Distribution and Habitat in Shiqu County of Sichuan Province

The distribution, size and habitat of Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) population have been investigated in Shiqu County of Sichuan Province from June to August of 1999 and July to August of 2003. 195 sampling belts (3 km ×3 km)were made in total, which covered 10.8 % of the whole grassland. The results showed that average density of Tibetan gazelles was 0.117 individuals/ km² in Shiqu County, and their population size was about 1 901 individuals. They mainly occurred from4 200 to 4 700 m altitude (88.3%). Aggregation characterized distribution pattern of Tibetan gazelles that can be divided into three types: male-only groups (42.1%), female-only groups (21.1%) and mother-offspring groups (36.8%), with main group size varied from 2 to 8 individuals (83%) and mean group size 4.8 individuals. 42 sampling plots (20 m ×20 m) were set at least every 100 m apart. Factor analysis indicated that more away from residence (69%) and closer to water source (93%) were characteristic of Tibetan gazelle habitat1 It was usually located in sunny (79%), drafty (83%) and smooth grassland slope (95%) with favorable concealing condition (52%), where vegetation was mainly 5-8 cm in height (62%) and 75%-90% in canopy (64%).