The structural comparison between membrane‐associated human carbonic anhydrases provides insights into drug design of selective inhibitors |
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| Authors: | Vincenzo Alterio Peiwen Pan Seppo Parkkila Martina Buonanno Claudiu T Supuran Simona M Monti Giuseppina De Simone |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy;2. Institute of Biomedical Technology, School of Medicine, Fimlab Ltd., University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Finland;3. Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;4. Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NEUROFARBA Department, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy |
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| Abstract: | Carbonic anhydrase isoform XIV (CA XIV) is the last member of the human (h) CA family discovered so far, being localized in brain, kidneys, colon, small intestine, urinary bladder, liver, and spinal cord. It has recently been described as a possible drug target for treatment of epilepsy, some retinopathies as well as some skin tumors. Human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) XIV is a membrane‐associated protein consisting of an N‐terminal extracellular domain, a putative transmembrane region, and a small cytoplasmic tail. In this article, we report the expression, purification, and the crystallographic structure of the entire extracellular domain of this enzyme. The analysis of the structure revealed the typical α‐CA fold, in which a 10‐stranded β‐sheet forms the core of the molecule, while the comparison with all the other membrane associated isoforms (hCAs IV, IX, and XII) allowed to identify the diverse oligomeric arrangement and the sequence and structural differences observed in the region 127–136 as the main factors to consider in the design of selective inhibitors for each one of the membrane associated α‐CAs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 769–778, 2014. |
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| Keywords: | carbonic anhydrase X‐ray crystallography drug design inhibitors |
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