| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Parasitology & Medical Entomology, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan;2. Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt;3. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan;4. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan;5. Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi, Saudi Arabia;6. School of Pharmacy, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman, Sudan;7. Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;8. Intertryp, IRD, Cirad, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France |
| Abstract: | Any attempt to control a mosquito-borne disease should primarily focus on controlling its vector. In Sudan, arboviral infections are a major health problem where periodical outbreaks of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti have been reported. This preliminary study was performed to uncover the population genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti from Red Sea State, Sudan, using mtDNA-COI gene. We performed morphological identification, PCR and DNA nucleotide sequencing and analysed the genetic polymorphism, and isolation by distance of Aedes aegypti from four sites. Of the 55 samples successfully sequenced, six haplotypes were revealed. Global haplotype network revealed that the predominant haplotype in Sudan (Hap1; 31 sequences = 56.4%), the second most frequent haplotype (Hap2; 13 sequences = 23.6%) and Hap 5 (3.6%) were identical or genetically close to isolates seen in different countries distributed in the United States, South America, Europe, Asia and two African isolates, one from Kenya and the other from Europa Island (Mozambique Channel). Haplotype 4 (3.6%) appeared closely related to mosquitoes sampled from Cameroon, Kenya, Sri Lanka and India and belonged to a lineage that contained isolates from all over the geographical expansion. Haplotype 6 (1.8%) seemed quite distant from any other sequenced mtDNA. To summarize, four haplotypes were found only in Sudan, and one rare haplotype appeared genetically distant from all other haplotypes, suggesting a local origin. Subdivision measures and testing suggested a probable free (or almost free) migration between the different sites sampled. |
