Determination of urinary trans,trans-muconic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
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| Institution: | 1. Analytisch-biologisches Forschungslabor Prof. Adlkofer, Goethestraße 20, 80336 München, Germany;2. Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Schillerstraße 25, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;1. Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Nanosens, IJsselkade 7, 7201 HB Zutphen, The Netherlands;3. The Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;1. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No 76, Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, PR China;2. Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No 699-18, Xuan Wu District, Nanjing 210042, PR China;1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamadan, Iran;2. Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;2. Instituto de Investigaciones Fármaco Bioquímicas, Av. Saavedra No. 2224, La Paz, Miraflores, Bolivia |
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| Abstract: | A sensitive and specific method for the determination of trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in urine is described. After clean-up on an anion-exchange cartridge, t,t-MA was derivatized with BF3-methanol to the dimethyl ester and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with 2-bromohexanoic acid as an internal standard. The limit of detection was 0.01 mg/l, the coefficient of variation for duplicate analysis in a series of urine samples (n = 50) was 2.6% and the recovery rate ranged from 93.3 to 106.3%. The between-day and within-day precision for the analysis were 7.4 and 14.6%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of t,t-MA in urine samples from smokers and non-smokers. The mean concentration of t,t-MA in urine of 10 smokers was 0.09 ± 0.04 mg/g creatinine and was significantly (p = 0.012) higher than that found in urine of 10 non-smokers (0.05 ± 0.02 mg/g creatinine). In contrast to the results obtained with the commonly used high-performance liquid chromatographic ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) methods, no interference between t,t-MA and other urinary compounds was found. This GC-MS method is both specific and sensitive for biomonitoring of low environmental benzene exposure. |
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