面向生态产品价值实现的生态修复市场化投入研究进展

充足稳定的资金是国土空间生态修复顺利开展重要保障。然而,政府投资作为生态修复的主要资金来源,存在资金缺口大、项目周期短等问题,亟需探索面向生态产品价值实现的生态修复市场化投入逻辑。针对生态产品价值实现的市场化路径,建立了“生态修复对象-生态产品类型-近远程效益-投资方式”为分析步骤的生态修复市场化投入逻辑框架,从投资方式角度分析了国内外生态修复市场化投入的研究进展。基于国内生态产权界定模糊、生态产品价值体现不明显、市场化投入机制不完善等问题,今后有必要重点研究建立体现价值实现路径的生态资产评估体系、识别面向不同购买主体的生态产品价值实现模式、模拟以价值流为纽带的生态产品空间纽带关系、凝练基于自然的区域解决方案引导市场投入。

Research progress on the market-oriented investment in ecological remediation for the realization of ecological product value

Ecological restoration of territorial space is an important way to practice the concept of ecological civilization and realize the construction of ecological civilization. Sufficient and stable funds are important guarantee for the implement of ecological restoration of territorial space. However, as the main source of funds for ecological restoration, government investment has problems such as large funding gap and short project duration. Market investment can transform the achievements of ecological restoration of territorial space into ecological products with social, economic and ecological value while giving full play to the guarantee of funds. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a market-oriented investment logic for ecological restoration oriented to the realization of ecological product value. This study sorts out the conceptual connotations and related theories related to the market-oriented investment in ecological restoration of territorial space. This study summarizes the market-oriented investment model of ecological restoration from three perspectives:ecosystem types, investment approach and the short term and long term of ecological restoration benefits. Aiming at the marketization path of ecological product value realization, this study establishes a logical framework for ecological restoration marketization investment with the demonstration steps of "ecological restoration object-ecological product type-short term and long term benefit-investment approach". From the perspective of investment methods (government + green finance pattern and government + market investment (PPP) pattern), we analyze the research progress of market-oriented investment in ecological restoration. Based on the vague definition of ecological property rights in China, the inconspicuous reflection of ecological product value, and the imperfect market-oriented investment mechanism, it is necessary to focus on the establishment of an ecological asset evaluation system that reflects the value realization path, the identification of ecological product value realization modes for different purchasers, the simulation of the spatial relationship of ecological products linked by value flow, and the exploration of nature based regional solutions to guide market-oriented investment. Specifically, when establishing an ecological asset evaluation system that reflects the value realization path, we should consider the willingness of land participants and utilization stakeholders; when identifying ecological product value realization modes for different purchasers, we should ensure the sustainability and diversity of purchasers on this basis of ensuring the output of ecological products; when simulating the spatial relationship of ecological products linked by value flow, we should calculate the overall benefit based on the value based nexus relationship; when exploring the nature based regional solutions to guide market-oriented investment, we should nest the main functional regions in the existing ecological functional regions and ecological restoration regions, identify market demands guided by society, population, economy and industrial structures, and identify ecological products with regional characteristics.