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Genetically engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) therapy for neurological diseases; state-of-the-art |
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| Authors: | Ghufran Lutfi Ismaeel Olfet Jabbar Makki AlHassani Reem S Alazragi Ammar Hussein Ahmed Asma'a H Mohamed Nisreen Yasir Jasim Falah Hassan Shari Haider Abdulkareem Almashhadani |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);2. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq Contribution: Investigation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal);3. Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Contribution: Investigation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal);4. Department of Radiology and Sonar, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq Contribution: Supervision (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);5. Intelligent Medical Systems Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq Contribution: Investigation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal);6. Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq Contribution: Writing - original draft (equal);7. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq Contribution: Writing - original draft (equal);8. College of Science, Chemistry Department, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq |
| Abstract: | Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent stem cells with remarkable self-renewal potential and also unique competencies to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes (ODCs) and improve the cellular microenvironment. In addition, NSCs secret diversity of mediators, including neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF, NGF, GDNF, CNTF, and NT-3), pro-angiogenic mediators (e.g., FGF-2 and VEGF), and anti-inflammatory biomolecules. Thereby, NSCs transplantation has become a reasonable and effective treatment for various neurodegenerative disorders by their capacity to induce neurogenesis and vasculogenesis and dampen neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Nonetheless, various drawbacks such as lower migration and survival and less differential capacity to a particular cell lineage concerning the disease pathogenesis hinder their application. Thus, genetic engineering of NSCs before transplantation is recently regarded as an innovative strategy to bypass these hurdles. Indeed, genetically modified NSCs could bring about more favored therapeutic influences post-transplantation in vivo, making them an excellent option for neurological disease therapy. This review for the first time offers a comprehensive review of the therapeutic capability of genetically modified NSCs rather than naïve NSCs in neurological disease beyond brain tumors and sheds light on the recent progress and prospect in this context. |
| Keywords: | gene delivery neural stem cells (NSCs) neurological diseases transplantation |