Chemical Composition,Anthelmintic Activity,and Mechanism of Action of Lippia dominguensis Mold. Essential Oil on Haemonchus contortus |
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| Authors: | Marcos J. Espino Ureña Albert Katchborian-Neto Alexander Benítez Trinidad Maritza Ramírez Ramírez Manuel Vásquez Tineo José Vilemar de Araújo-Filho Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua Daniela Aparecida Chagas-Paula Claudio Viegas Jr. Marcos José Marques |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St., 700, 37130-001 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St., 700, 37130-001 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Animal Production Center, Dominican Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Research, Duarte Av. Km 24, Pedro Brand, 340 parcel Santo Domingo., Dominican Republic;4. Institute of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, Alma Mater Av. Zona Universitaria, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic;5. Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., 1700, 60714–903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.;6. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Coronel Nunes deMelo St., 1127, 60430-275 Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil;7. Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna St., 949, 60430-160 Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil;8. Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry – PeQuiM, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Jovino Fernandes Sales Ave., 2600, 37133-840 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Gastrointestinal nematode parasitism is a major burden to small ruminant production globally, compounded by increasing anthelmintic resistance. Previous studies have identified essential oils (EOs) from the Lippia genus with antiprotozoal and anthelmintic effects. Lippia dominguensis Moldenke (Ld), an endemic specie from the Dominican Republic, has similar popular uses, however, is chemically and pharmacologically yet uncharacterized. Here, we investigated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of LdEO and its ultrastructural effects on eggs and adult nematodes of Haemonchus contortus multidrug-resistant isolated. The GC/MS analysis showed linalool (33.85 %), 1,8-cineole (30.88 %), and δ-terpineol (10.61 %) as the main EO constituents. The LdEO showed an IC50=0.523 mg/mL in the egg hatch test, and the motility in the adult worm motility test was 95.8 % at 1 mg/mL. The confocal scanning laser microscopy of eggs indicated permeabilization or disruption of egg cell membranes as the possible mechanism of action of LdEO. The scanning electron microscopy of adult worms showed wrinkling, undulations, and cuticular disruptions. The LdEO displayed significant in vitro anthelmintic activity on eggs and adult worms of H. contortus. Additionally, the LdEO showed low oral toxicity in mice at 2,000 mg/kg. Thus, additional in vivo studies are justified to determine its anthelmintic efficacy in small ruminants. |
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| Keywords: | adult worm motility test egg hatch test endemic plant small ruminants ultrastructural changes |
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