利用微卫星标记分析我国13个地方灰羽鹅品种的遗传多样性

我国地方鹅品种具有很多优良性状,但长期以来由于没有形成科学的选育制度和培育方法,品种的遗传多样性没有得到完整保存。为了深入了解我国地方鹅品种的遗传结构,使之得到更好的保护和利用,作者选用31个多态性较高的微卫星标记(其中19个是首次用磁珠富集法从AFLP片段中分离),检测了我国13个地方灰羽鹅(An-sercygnnoides)品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的遗传距离(DA)。结果表明:13个地方灰羽鹅品种中,平均多态信息含量为0.323–0.398,平均杂合度为0.4985–0.6727,各品种的杂合度都较高,最高的是狮头鹅(0.6727),最低的是雁鹅(0.4985)。用UPGMA法进行聚类分析的结果显示,13个品种被聚为4类:丰城灰鹅、武冈铜鹅、兴国灰鹅、狮头鹅、乌棕鹅、阳江鹅、马冈鹅、钢鹅、雁鹅聚为第1类;伊犁鹅自聚为第2类;长乐鹅、右江鹅聚为第3类;永康灰鹅自聚为第4类。本研究为鹅遗传育种提供了参考资料。

Genetic diversity of 13 indigenous grey goose breeds in China based on microsatellite markers

Chinese indigenous goose breeds possess many outstanding characteristics. However, their genetic diversity has been declining for lack of scientific breeding strategies. For better protection and utilization of these geese, we examined the genetic structure of 13 indigenous grey goose breeds using 31 polymorphic microsatellite markers, including 19 separated with AFLP primers through the magnetic beads enrichment method. According to the allele frequencies of 31 microsatellite loci, mean heterozygosity (H), polymorphic information content (PIC) and genetic distances (DA) were calculated for each breed. Of the 13 goose breeds, the highest mean heterozygosity was in the Shitou breed (0.6727), whereas the lowest was in the Yan (0.4985). A UPGMA dendrogram showed that Fengcheng Grey, Wugang Tong, Xingguo Grey, Shitou, Wu-zong, Yangjiang, Magang, Gang and Yan were grouped together, while Yili comprised a second group, Chan-gle and Youjiang were in a third group, and Yongkang Grey in a fourth. These results could provide more ac-curate genetic information for goose breeding.