Enhanced lutein bioavailability by lyso-phosphatidylcholine in rats

The bioavailability of lutein solubilized in mixed micelles containing either phosphatidylcholine (PC) or lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) was evaluated in male rats. Mixed micelles contained 2.5 mM monooleoylglycerol, 7.5 mM oleic acid, 12 mM sodium taurocholate and 200 μM lutein either with 3 mM PC or lysoPC. To study lutein bioavailability, single and repeated dose experiments were conducted. For single dose study, group of rats (n = 30/group) were fed single dose of lutein solubilized in lysoPC (LPC group), PC (PC group) and no phospholipids (NoPL group) in micellar form. Each group was further divided in to five sub-groups (n = 6/sub group) to measure lutein bioavailability over time up to 9 h. For repeated dose study, group of rats (n = 6/group) were fed daily for 10 days a dose of lutein in mixed micelles with NoPL, PC and LPC. A separate group (n = 6) not fed mixed micelles was considered as zero-time control. In both the experiments, mixed micelles (0.2 ml/rat) were fed to the rat by direct intubation to the stomach. Results of single dose studies showed that the mean lutein levels in the plasma and liver of the PC group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of the other two groups. Moreover, the average lutein level in the plasma and liver was significantly (p < 0.05) different among the groups in the order LPC > NoPL > PC. But, repeated dose experiment followed the order LPC > PC > NoPL. The level of lutein excreted through urine and feces of PC group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the other two groups. Thus, the results indicate that the PC in the mixed micelles suppressed the intestinal uptake of lutein after single dose but not after repeated dose and that lysoPC enhanced the absorption. In both the experiments, plasma and liver level of lutein was higher in LPC compared with PC group. Results also suggest that the luminal hydrolysis of PC to lysoPC is necessary for intestinal uptake of lutein solubilized in mixed micelles.