线粒体DNA和人类进化

线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）由于自身比较独特的遗传特性（母系遗传、缺乏重组和进化速率高）而被广泛地应用于人类群体的起源和演化研究。通过对其全序列的限制性酶切和Ｄ－环高变区序列数据的分析，ｍｔＤＮＡ较好地阐明了人类学中诸如现代人类起源、人群过去动态的估计以及单个人群的区域性微分化和人口历史学等问题。综述了近年来世界各人群ｍｔＤＮＡ的研究进展、研究方法的改进、ｍｔＤＮＡ与核基因标记结果的异同、ｍｔＤＮＡ

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AND HUMAN EVOLUTION

Owing to its high evolution rate,lack of recombination and maternal inheritance,mtDNA has been extensively used in unraveling the genealogical history of our species.By means of restriction enzyme analysis of the whole sequence and direct sequencing of the control region,mtDNA has shed light on the provenance of modern human,estimation of past population size and date of expansion event,migration and expansion patterns at a continental level,as well as the microdifferentiaton and demographic history of single population.In this paper,we reviewed the recent advances of mtDNA studies of the world populations,the improvement of the mathematics model,the congruity and discrepancy between mtDNA and nuclear data,the co evolution between mtDNA and language,ancient DNA,as well as the arguments about the special genetic characteristics of this genetic marker.