几种蔬菜及其土壤吸收灌溉污水污染物的研究

对广州市西北郊几种常见蔬菜以及它们生长的土壤条件、灌溉的水质状况进行实验分析,主要测定影响人类健康以及对土壤生态系统和农作物生长发育具有积累、破坏作用的重金属元素汞(Hg)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)、锡(Sn)及有机污染物多氯联苯和苯酚。结果表明,该区域农业用水已经受到不同程度的污染;长期使用受污染的水进行灌溉的菜地,其土壤和植物体所含的有毒物质较多,部分物质含量已经明显超标,土壤达到了严重污染的程度,农业生态环境和农田生态系统处于较差状态,农产品可能给人们健康带来潜在的威胁。在关于土壤污染与蔬菜关系方面首次报道了苦瓜种子与污染物的关系,芥菜、豆角与污染物锡等的关系也是首次报道。研究还表明,种子富集有毒物质的强度明显大于其它部位,其次是根大于茎和叶。

Study on absorption of pollutants of irrigating water by several vegetables and their soil

The content of pollutant of several vegetables and their soil and the quality of irrigating water were analyzed,the major elements measured were Hg,As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb, Zn,Se and Sn which inhibit plant growth, destruct soil ecosystem after plant and soil absorbed and accumulated these heavy metals and even affect people health after eating these vegetables, while the content of POBx and phenol were measured. The result showed that agricultural irrigating water has been polluted. In the farmland which is irrigated long time by the sewage,the content of noxious matter of soil and plants were higher,some heavy metals have evidently surpassed limited standard,soil has reached the level of severity pollution,the agricultural ecological environment and farmland ecosystem were inferior estate,the farm produces will probably form potential imperilment to people. In respect of the relation of soil pollution and vegetables, it is first reported on the relation between seed of Momordica charantia and pollutant, it is also first reported on Brassica juncea,Vigna sesquipedalis absorbing Sn etc.. The research result even showed that the capacity of absorbing and accumulating noxious substance by seed is the strongest,and root is stronger then stem and leaf.