Literature Review of 2-D Laboratory Experiments in NAPL Flow,Transport, and Remediation

The migration of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants in the subsurface results in a complex multiphase environment due in part to heterogeneity in both the soil and fluid saturations. To accurately predict the flow, transport, and remediation of NAPL contaminants, research has focused on laboratory and numerical modeling of the subsurface environment. Within this research, 2-D laboratory model are advantageous due to the fact that the capillary, viscous, and buoyancy forces found in the subsurface environment can be reproduced. Thus, they can be used to study flow and transport, test and develop remediation technologies, and verify numerical models. However, to date a comprehensive review of the 2-D experimental work has not been compiled. The review presented in this article should be of interest to geohydrologists, engineers and scientists involved in both applied and research aspects of NAPL-contaminated aquifers.