温度对胡萝卜微管蚜生长发育繁殖的影响

【目标】明确温度对胡萝卜微管蚜Semiaphis heraclei(Takahashi)生长发育和繁殖的影响。【方法】在室内5个温度梯度下(19、22、25、28、31℃)观察并比较胡萝卜微管蚜的发育历期、存活率、存活寿命及产仔量。【结果】在19?31℃范围内,胡萝卜微管蚜各龄期及完整世代的发育历期均随着温度的升高而缩短,完成一个世代分别需要22.17、17.13、12.57、10.03和7.83 d。温度与发育速率呈极显著相关(P<0.01,r>0.8),温度越高发育速率越快。胡萝卜微管蚜4个若蚜期和世代的发育起点分别为14.15、13.87、13.64、15.06、12.92℃,有效积温分别为29.98、29.30、28.54、24.00和144.21日?度。建立了胡萝卜微管蚜各个发育阶段的历期预测式。在5个恒温下胡萝卜微管蚜1?4龄及世代的存活率随温度的变化而小幅波动。在19?31℃范围内,该蚜虫世代的存活率分别为40.0%、52.5%、62.5%、60.0%和47.5%。25℃该蚜虫的存活率相对较高,1?4龄及世代的存活率分别为82.5%、81.8%、92.6%、100%和62.5%。在相同温度条件下该蚜虫不同发育阶段的存活率存在差异。存活寿命随着温度的升高而缩短,19℃时寿命最长,为33.30 d,31℃时寿命最短,为15.40 d。产仔期随着温度的升高而缩短,19℃时产仔期为11.13 d,31℃时为7.57 d。在19?31℃范围内,该蚜虫的单雌产仔总量分别为26.33、27.93、32.53、27.13和17.93头。【结论】温度是影响胡萝卜微管蚜的生长发育、存活和繁殖的重要因素。25℃时胡萝卜微管蚜各龄期及世代的发育历期较短,存活率较高,单雌产仔总量最大。25℃较适合该蚜虫生长发育和繁殖。

Influence of temperature on the development,survival and reproduction of Semiaphis heraclei (Takahashi)

Objectives] To determine the effects of temperature on the development, survival and reproduction of Semiaphis heraclei (Takahashi). Methods] The developmental duration, survival rate, and fecundity, of S. heraclei were measured and compared at five different temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 ).℃ Results] The developmental duration of 1st to 4th instar nymphs, and of one complete generation of S. heraclei, was significantly shortened by higher temperatures within the range of 19~31℃. The periods required to reach maturity at 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 , were℃ 22.17, 17.13, 12.57, 10.03 and 7.83 days, respectively. According to the rule of effective accumulative temperature, the developmental threshold temperatures of 1st to 4th instar nymphs, and of one complete generation, at each of the five temperatures tested were 14.15, 13.87, 13.64, 15.06 and 12.92 , and 29.98, 29.30, 28.54, 24.00 and 144.21 degree days, respectively. The developmental durations of all stages of℃ S. heraclei were predicted. At the five temperatures tested, the survival rates of 1st to 4th instar nymphs and of one complete generation were characterized by small wave motion with changing temperature. The overall survival rates of S. heraclei at 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31℃ were 40.0%, 52.5%, 62.5%, 60.0% and 47.5%, respectively. At 25℃, survival rates were relatively high, those for 1st to 4th instar nymphs and of one complete generation were 82.5%, 81.8%, 92.6%, 100% and 62.5%, respectively. Survival rates at the same temperature differed between developmental stages. The longevity of S. heraclei from birth to death decreased with temperature. At 19℃, the longevity of S. heraclei was 33.30 days, however, at 31℃, longevity was 15.40 days. The duration of oviposition also decreased with temperature. At 19℃, oviposition duration was 11.13 days but at 31℃oviposition duration was 7.57 days. Fecundity at 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 ,℃ was 26.33, 27.93, 32.53, 27.13 and 17.93 per female, respectively. Conclusion] Temperature is an important factor that affects the growth, development, survival and reproduction of S. heraclei. Developmental duration was shortest, and survival rate and total fecundity highest, at 25℃. We conclude that 25℃ is the optimal temperature for the development, survival and reproduction of S. heraclei.