High-carotenoid maize: development of plant biotechnology prototypes for human and animal health and nutrition |
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| Authors: | " target="_blank">C Zhu G Farré D Zanga J Lloveras A Michelena J P Ferrio J Voltas G Slafer R Savin R Albajes M Eizaguirre C Lopez C Cantero-Martínez J Díaz-Gómez C Nogareda J A Moreno E Angulo J Estany R N Pena M Tor M Portero-Otin N Eritja G Arjó J C E Serrano X Matias-Guiu R M Twyman G Sandmann T Capell P Christou |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Crop and Forest Sciences,University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center,Lleida,Spain;2.Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography,Universidad de Concepción,Concepción,Chile;3.ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies,Barcelona,Spain;4.Department of Food Technology,University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center,Lleida,Spain;5.Department of Animal Science,University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center,Lleida,Spain;6.Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,University of Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida),Lleida,Spain;7.Oncologic Pathology Group,University of Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida),Lleida,Spain;8.Department of Medicine,University of Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida),Lleida,Spain;9.Department of Pathology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL),Hospital Universitari of Bellvitge,L’Hospitalet de Llobregat,Spain;10.TRM Ltd,York,UK;11.Biosynthesis Group, Molecular Biosciences,Goethe University Frankfurt,Frankfurt,Germany |
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| Abstract: | Carolight® is a transgenic maize variety that accumulates extraordinary levels of carotenoids, including those with vitamin A activity. The development of Carolight® maize involved the technical implementation of a novel combinatorial transformation method, followed by rigorous testing for transgene expression and the accumulation of different carotenoid molecules. Carolight® was envisaged as a way to improve the nutritional health of human populations that cannot access a diverse diet, but this ultimate humanitarian application can only be achieved after extensive testing for safety, agronomic performance and nutritional sufficiency. In this article, we chart the history of Carolight® maize focusing on its development, extensive field testing for agronomic performance and resistance to pests and pathogens, and feeding trials to analyze its impact on farm animals (and their meat/dairy products) as well as animal models of human diseases. We also describe more advanced versions of Carolight® endowed with pest-resistance traits, and other carotenoid-enhanced maize varieties originating from the same series of initial transformation experiments. Finally we discuss the further steps required before Carolight® can fulfil its humanitarian objectives, including the intellectual property and regulatory constraints that lie in its path. |
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