Augmented coral reef monitoring using a stationary reef monitoring system |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa 403004, India;2. Nansen Environmental Research Center, Kochi, Kerala 682506, India;3. CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu 630003, India;1. Department of Geography, University of Florida, Turlington Hall, 3141, 330 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America;2. Harvard Forest, Harvard University, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, MA 01366-9504, United States of America;1. Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;2. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;3. ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa 403 402, India;4. Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;1. Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;2. Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;3. Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Phu Dien, Bac Tu Liem, Ha Noi, Viet Nam;4. Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam;5. Vietnam National University, Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam;1. Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 552 1st St, Cedar Key, FL 32625, USA;2. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 136 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611-0410, USA;3. MERIDIAN, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;4. Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;5. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr W, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;6. Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;7. Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 - CEP: 05508-120, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo (SP), Brazil;8. The Fish Listener, Waquoit, MA, USA;9. Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA;10. Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, 6050 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3H 1W5, Canada;11. Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jana Kazimierza 5, 01-248 Warszawa, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Coral reef monitoring is a reliable tool to assess the effect of climate change as corals are sensitive to increases in water temperatures between 30 °C and 35 °C resulting in bleaching - a whitening process when the corals lose their color and the reefs begin to die. Existing satellite-based monitoring products facilitate coral bleaching monitoring over large spatial scales, but their use in predicting local scale stress that influences the bleaching severity across reefs is limited. In this paper, we describe a Stationary Reef Monitoring System (SRMS) that monitors the time evolution of coral reefs through the photography of nearby coral clusters. Simultaneously, the SRMS measures and records environmental parameters such as temperature, solar irradiance (PAR), and salinity in the waters surrounding the coral colonies. When deployed in the sea, the SRMS detected a 0.1–0.4 °C variability in temperature between the in situ and satellite datasets. The SRMS uses color photography along with quantitative data on environmental parameters to monitor the health of corals and eliminates the need for physical/visual verification of coral health by a diver. By this approach, one can determine the stress thresholds of corals and identify the vulnerable and resilient reefs so as to prioritize conservation efforts. |
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