Biological connectivity and its driving mechanisms in the Liaohe Delta wetland,China |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;2. National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China;1. School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China;2. College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China;1. Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil;3. Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;4. Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA;1. Civil Engineering Department, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran;2. Water Security & Sustainable Development Hub, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK;3. School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;4. Chair of Engineering Hydrology and Water Management, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany;1. Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-saving Study of Dense Habitat (Tongji University), Ministry of Education/ Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai (200092), China;2. Departement of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver (V6T 1Z4), BC, Canada;3. Joint Laboratory of Ecological Urban Design (Research Centre for Land Ecological Planning, Design and Environmental Effects, International Joint Research Centre of Urban-Rural Ecological Planning and Design)/ Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai (200092), China;1. U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Ave Bldg C, Fort Collins, CO 80526, United States of America;2. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America;3. Student Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Ave Bldg C, Fort Collins, CO 80526, United States of America;4. Natural Resources Stewardship and Science Biological Resource Division, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Suite 200, Fort Collins, CO 80525, United States of America;5. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 9, Montpelier, ID 83254, United States of America;6. U.S. Geological Survey, Science Analytics and Synthesis Program, 1200 Sunrise Valley Dr, Rm. 2A322, Reston, VA 20192, United States of America;7. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge, 28908 NW Main Avenue, Ridgefield, WA 98642, United States of America;8. U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystem Research Center, Kilauea Field Station, PIERC Office Bldg 344, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718, United States of America |
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| Abstract: | Biological connectivity plays a cricial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, it is poorly understood how to quantify biological connectivity and investigate its mechanisms in estuarine wetlands. In order to address this issue, this study aims to quantify biological connectivity in the Liaohe Delta wetland by utilizing three complementary approaches: the habitat quality simulation, the vegetation connectivity index, and the maximum entropy model. These approaches focused on habitat quality, vegetation, and bird species, respectively. The established criteria for assessing vegetation connectivity blockage and the jackknife method were utilized to identify the primary drivers of biological connectivity. The study found that (1) Habitat quality declined from 1976 to 2020, with a total decrease of 3.2 × 106. (2) Vegetation patches have more fragmented and less connected over the last 45 years. There was also a higher vegetation probability density of Phragmites australis than Suaeda salsa. The area of unchanged P. australis was concentrated within the nature reserve, while the area of unchanged S. salsa was 0, indicating that P. australis was more affected than S. salsa. The vegetation connectivity blockage was 33.16%, with human activities having a greater impact compared to natural succession. (3) The area of suitable habitat for birds constituted 27.48% of the study area. Distance to S. salsa was the main driving factor, followed by the distance to intertidal muds, paddy fields, P. australis, and water sources. The results demonstrate that biological connectivity has generally declined over time, with human activities being a significant contributor. Our efforts to quantify biological connectivity provided clear spatial and temporal information on the trends and drivers of biological connectivity in the Liaohe Delta wetland. The results of this study can provide valuable information for conservation efforts aimed at preserving wetland biodiversity. |
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