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Mesenchymal to epithelial transition during tissue homeostasis and regeneration: Patching up the Drosophila midgut epithelium
Authors:Zeus A. Antonello  Tobias Reiff  Maria Dominguez
Affiliation:Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH); Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
Abstract:Stem cells are responsible for preserving morphology and function of adult tissues. Stem cells divide to self-renew and to generate progenitor cells to sustain cell demand from the tissue throughout the organism''s life. Unlike stem cells, the progenitor cells have limited proliferation potential but have the capacity to terminally differentiate and thereby to substitute older or damaged mature cells. Recent findings indicate that adult stem cells can adapt their division kinetics dynamically to match changes in tissue demand during homeostasis and regeneration. However, cell turnover not only requires stem cell division but also needs timed differentiation of the progenitor cells, which has been much less explored. In this Extra View article, we discuss the ability of progenitor cells to actively postpone terminal differentiation in the absence of a local demand and how tissue demand activates terminal differentiation via a conserved mesenchymal-epithelial transition program revealed in our recent EMBO J paper and other published and unpublished data. The extent of the significance of these results is discussed for models of tissue dynamics during both homeostasis and regeneration.
Keywords:EMT   epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition   homeostasis   mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition   MET   miR-8   miR-200   progenitors   regeneration   snail   Stem cells
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