不同施肥条件下冷、暖型小麦旗叶光合生理特性的研究

以2类4个小麦品种为试验材料,通过田间小区试验,比较了灌浆结实期冷、暖型小麦在不施肥(CK)、单施磷肥(P)、单施氮肥(N)和氮磷配施(NP)等4种施肥条件下旗叶的光合生理特性。结果表明,不同施肥条件下,冷型小麦的旗叶叶面积、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量及净光合速率均高于暖型小麦。其中,在不施肥和单施磷肥条件下,两类小麦之间各项生理指标的差异均达显著或极显著水平;在施用氮肥(单施氮肥和氮磷配施)条件下,两类小麦之间的差异有所减小,但冷型小麦仍然高于暖型小麦。冷型小麦旗叶优良的光合生理特性具有不随施肥条件的改变而发生根本性变化的特点,对土壤肥力状况有较强的适应性;而暖型小麦对土壤氮素营养要求较高。

Photosynthetic and Physiological Characters of the Flag Leaves in Cold and Warm Types of Wheat in Different Fertilization Modes

Four wheat varieties belong to two types were used in a field experiment in which the photosynthetic and physiological characters of cold and warm types of wheat were studied in different fertilizations,no fertilization(control),fertilization with only phosphorous fertilizer(P),fertilization with only nitrogen fertilizer(N) and fertilization with combined nitrogen and phosphorous(NP).It was shown that in different fertilizations cold type of wheat had larger leaf area,higher chlorophyll and soluble protein contents and higher net photosynthetic rate than warm type of wheat did and the difference between the two types appeared more obvious in the control and the fertilization with only phosphorous fertilizer,significantly and extremely significantly in all the physiological parameters;in the fertilizations with only nitrogen fertilizers and combined nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers the difference between the two types of wheat appeared lessened but cold type of wheat was still higher than warm type of wheat in all the physiological parameters.Cold type of wheat had the flag leaves whose photosynthetic and physiological characters of the flag leaves did not essentially varied with different fertilizations and had strong adaptability to soil fertilities,while warm type of wheat needed high level of soil nitrogen.