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Preventive effects of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol ginsenosides on liver inflammation and apoptosis in hyperlipidemic apoE KO mice
Authors:Soojeong Jang  Yunsook Lim  Giuseppe Valacchi  Sungbin Sorn  Hyon Park  Na-Young Park  Myoungsook Lee
Institution:Department of Food and Nutrition, Nutrition Biochem Lab, Sungshin Women's University, #249-1, 3-ga, Dongsun-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-742, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:Ginsenosides, bioactive compounds of Panax GinsengC.A. Meyer, are divided into protopanaxadiol (PD) and protopanaxtriol (PT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of different PD and PT combination ratios on liver inflammation and apoptosis in hyperlipidemic apo E KO mice. R1 (PD/PT = 1, high Rg1 and Rb1) and R2 (PD/PT = 2, high Re and Rd) extracts were intraperitoneally injected by 100 mg/kg/day at the 8th week. R1 and R2 improved atherogenic indices by increasing HDL and lowering total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglyceride (TG) selectively. R1 decreased lipid peroxides (LPO) level in plasma and liver tissue of hyperlipidemic mice, and R2 lowered plasma malondialdehyde(MDA) level. R1 and R2 not only regulated the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, IκB-α, phopho-ERK 1/2, and phopho-SAPK/JNK levels but also were significantly effective in blocking apoptotic signals, such as caspase-8, -9, as well as the cleavage of PARP in liver. Different combinational treatment of PD and PT extracts might ameliorate the liver inflammation and apoptosis in hyperlipidemic apo E KO mice, which is atherosclerotic animal model.
Keywords:Ginsenosides  Apoptosis  Apo E KO mice  LPO  NFκB  MAPK  Caspase  Cleaved PARP  Bcl-2  Hyperlipidemia
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