安徽贝母属植物叶片的比较解剖学研究

在光学显微镜下，对安徽省贝母属(Fritillaria L.)8种1变种，其中包括安徽贝母(F. anhuiensis)和宁国贝母(F. ningguoensis)各两个居群的植物叶片进行了解剖结构观察，结果发现：叶肉细胞均含有淀粉粒，近上表皮的叶肉细胞多为方形或圆柱状，较大，排列较紧密，近下表皮的叶肉细胞形状不规则，多有分枝，细胞间隙大；叶均无表皮毛等附属物，除铜陵黄花贝母(F. monantha var. tonglingensis)的下表皮细胞类似平行四边形外，其它种叶表皮细胞表面观为长方形或长条形，细胞长轴与叶脉平行，垂周壁为平直、浅波状或深波状；气孔器为Allium型，仅分布于下表皮，椭圆形，长轴与叶脉平行,单个随机分布，部分种保卫细胞两极有“T”形加厚。叶表皮细胞的形状，垂周壁式样，气孔器的类型等特征较为稳定，可以为贝母属内种的划分及系统演化关系的探讨提供实验证据。

Comparative anatomy of leaves in Fritillaria from Anhui Province

The comparative anatomy of the leaves of 8 species and 1 variety in Fritillaria L.from Anhui province were studied,including two populations of both F.anhuiensis and F.ningguoensis.The results are as follows: There are many starch grains in mesophyll cells of the Fritillaria L..The mesophyll cells which close with upper epidermis are usually squareness or column,bigger than the mesophyll cells which close with lower epidermis, and composed compactly.The mesophyll cells which close with lower epidermis are abnormity,ramification.There are no appurtenances(such as hairs) on the epidermis.The leaf epidermal cells are rectangle except the F.monantha var.tonglingensis,whose cells of lower epidermis are parallelogram,the long axis of which is parallel with leaf-venation,the patterns of anticlinal walls are straight,straight or arched,sinuolate,sinuous or sinuate;The stomatal apparatus were only founded in lower epidermis,oblong,Allium type,distributing random and singly,whose long axis is parallel with leaf-venation,the stomatal apparatuses of some species have "T"-pieces at the two poles.There are many differences in the micromorphological characters for some species though they have similar macromorphological characters.In Qimen population of the F.anhuiensis,the phenomenon that the two stomatal apparatuses are joined by a thick cell wall was found usually.There are more or less differences in the characters between the two populations of both F.anhuiensis and F.ningguoensis.,such as the thickness of leaves,ratio in length and width of the stomata,stomatal index.The other characters of the leaves,for example,the shape of cells,pattern of anticlinal,the type of stomatal,cell contents,and so on,are comparative tranquilization,recured regularity in the micromorphological characters,reveal the differences among species,those characters provided experimental evidences preferably for classification among species and systematic evolution of Fritillaria L..