The evolutionary impact of androgen levels on prostate cancer in a multi-scale mathematical model |
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Authors: | Steffen E Eikenberry John D Nagy Yang Kuang |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA;(2) Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA;(3) Department of Biology, Scottsdale Community College, Scottsdale, AZ, 85256, USA |
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Abstract: | Background Androgens bind to the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cells and are essential survival factors for healthy prostate epithelium.
Most untreated prostate cancers retain some dependence upon the AR and respond, at least transiently, to androgen ablation
therapy. However, the relationship between endogenous androgen levels and cancer etiology is unclear. High levels of androgens
have traditionally been viewed as driving abnormal proliferation leading to cancer, but it has also been suggested that low
levels of androgen could induce selective pressure for abnormal cells. We formulate a mathematical model of androgen regulated
prostate growth to study the effects of abnormal androgen levels on selection for pre-malignant phenotypes in early prostate
cancer development. |
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