Relative brain size,stratification, and social structure in anthropoids |
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Authors: | Toshiyuki Sawaguchi |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Section of Neuroanatomy, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, 06510 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | The relationships between relative brain size and both stratification and social structure were examined in a total of 82
species of anthropoids. The species were divided into a total of 42 congeneric groups which consisted of congeneric species
with similar ecologies and social structures. The relative brain size (RBS) was calculated for each congeneric group in each
superfamily, based on an allometric equation describing the relationship between brain weight and body weight for each superfamily.
Among congeneric groups with a common category of diet, RBS was significantly greater for terrestrial groups than for arboreal
groups, and for polygynous (i.e. multi-female) groups than for monogynous (single-female) groups. Furthermore, RBS was significantly
and positively correlated with the size of the home range per individual for the Cercopithecoidea, and with troop size for
frugivorous groups of the Ceboidea. The results obtained suggest that factors associated with terrestriality and polygyny
have been involved in the increases in relative brain size of anthropoids. |
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Keywords: | Relative brain size Stratifcation Social structure Terrestriality Polygyny (multifemale) Selection pressures Anthropoids |
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