Compartmentalization and regulation of arylsulfatase activities in Streptomyces sp., Microbacterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp. soil isolates in response to inorganic sulfate limitation

Arylsulfatases allow microorganisms to satisfy their sulfur (S) requirements as inorganic sulfate after sulfate ester hydrolysis. Our objectives were to investigate the arylsulfatase activities among soil isolates, especially Streptomyces sp., Microbacterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp., because such investigations are limited for these bacteria, which often live in sulfate-limited conditions. Physiological and biochemical analyses indicated that these isolates possessed strong specific arylsulfatase activities ranging from 6 to 8 U. Moreover, for Streptomyces sp., an arylsulfatase localization study revealed 2 forms of arylsulfatases. A first form was located in the membrane, and a second form was located in the intracellular compartment. Both arylsulfatases had different patterns of induction. Indeed, the intracellular arylsulfatase was strictly induced by inorganic sulfate limitation, whereas the membrane arylsulfatase was induced both by substrate presence or S demand independently. For Microbacterium and Rhodococcus isolates, only a membrane arylsulfatase was found. Consequently, our results suggest the presence of a previously undescribed arylsulfatase in these microorganisms that allows them to develop an alternative strategy to fulfill their S requirements compared to bacteria previously studied in the literature.