Identifying new lignin bioengineering targets: 1. Monolignol-substitute impacts on lignin formation and cell wall fermentability |
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Authors: | John H Grabber Paul F Schatz Hoon Kim Fachuang Lu John Ralph |
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Institution: | (1) U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;(2) Department of Biochemistry and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA |
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Abstract: | Background Recent discoveries highlighting the metabolic malleability of plant lignification indicate that lignin can be engineered to
dramatically alter its composition and properties. Current plant biotechnology efforts are primarily aimed at manipulating
the biosynthesis of normal monolignols, but in the future apoplastic targeting of phenolics from other metabolic pathways
may provide new approaches for designing lignins that are less inhibitory toward the enzymatic hydrolysis of structural polysaccharides,
both with and without biomass pretreatment. To identify promising new avenues for lignin bioengineering, we artificially lignified
cell walls from maize cell suspensions with various combinations of normal monolignols (coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols) plus
a variety of phenolic monolignol substitutes. Cell walls were then incubated in vitro with anaerobic rumen microflora to assess
the potential impact of lignin modifications on the enzymatic degradability of fibrous crops used for ruminant livestock or
biofuel production. |
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