Paenungulata: a comparison of the hemoglobin sequences from elephant, hyrax, and manatee |
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Authors: | Kleinschmidt T; Czelusniak J; Goodman M; Braunitzer G |
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Institution: | Abteilung Proteinchemie, Max-Planck-Institut fur Biochemie, Martinsried bei Munchen, West Germany. |
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Abstract: | Inspection of the amino acid differences among hemoglobin sequences of a
wide range of mammalian species suggested that at alpha 19, alpha 110,
alpha 111, beta 23, beta 44, and beta 56, synapomorphies group manatee
(Trichechus inungius, Sirenia), Indian and African elephant (Elephas
maximus and Loxodonta africana, Proboscidea), and rock hyrax (Procavia
habessinica, Hyracoidea) into a monophyletic clade. Results obtained by
parsimony analysis provide evidence for this grouping--and thus support for
the genealogical validity of Simpson's superorder Paenungulata, which
contains as the extant orders Proboscidea, Sirenia, and Hyracoidea. All of
the 39 most, or nearly most, parsimonious of 10,395 trees constructed from
a tandemly combined alpha- and beta- hemoglobin sequence for 103 vertebrate
species (of which 79 were mammals from 16 extant orders), depicted
Paenungulata as one of the most anciently separated branches of Eutheria.
It was found on examining thousands of alternative trees that to not group
Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, and Sirenia in a monophyletic clade required at
least four additional substitutions.
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