Evidence of a high level of gene flow among apple trees in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tetranychus urticae</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Ryuji Uesugi Terunori Sasawaki Mh Osakabe |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;(2) Nagano Fruit Tree Experiment Station, 492 Ogawara, Suzaka, Nagano 382-0072, Japan |
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Abstract: | The dispersal mechanism of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) could affect predator–prey population dynamics and the spread of acaricide resistance. To investigate
the propensity for spider mite migration in the field, the genetic structure of spider mite populations was studied in two
apple orchards using five microsatellite markers. Adult female mites were collected from trees separated by approximately
10–24 m along a line covering a distance of about 100 m. The genetic data suggested that a high population density increased
the migration rate among the breeding colonies within a single tree. Spatial autocorrelation analysis suggested a positive
genetic structure in the first distance class within the two orchards, which might have been caused by crawling or short-distance
aerial dispersal. Meanwhile, mites may also have a large-scale migration system that could cause a high level of gene flow
and constrained isolation-by-distance or genetic clines within the approximately 100-m range of the study sites. Therefore,
mites might aerially disperse over long distances on a scale of <100 m while also taking shorter trips among nearby trees
within a distance of 10–24 m in the apple orchards. |
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