环境污染物对丛枝菌根(AM)形成及功能的影响

丛枝菌根(AM)具有植物和微生物的双重特性，在污染土壤修复中受到越来越多的重视.AM在修复污染土壤的同时，也深受污染物毒害的影响，从而降低AM在污染土壤修复中的作用.如何减少环境污染物对AM的不利影响，是AM应用中需要考虑的问题.从有机和无机污染物角度, 综述了不同污染物对AM形成及功能的影响，并分析了可能的影响机理.大量研究表明，无论是有机污染物还是无机污染物，都会对AM的结构、形成和功能产生破坏性影响，主要表现在孢子萌发、侵染率、菌丝伸长受抑制等.有机污染物可能通过影响光合产物向AM真菌的分配, 间接影响AM真菌的活性，而重金属则通过抑制AM真菌活性, 直接对其产生影响.

Effects of environmental pollutants on arbuscular mycorrhiza formation and function

Arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) possesses the characteristics of both microbe and plant.Considerable attention has been focused on the use of AM in the remediation of polluted soil,but AM could be poisoned by pollutants when exposed to polluted soil,and thus,the significance of its application might be reduced.Therefore,how to reduce the negative effects of pollutants on AM is an issue to be considered in remedying polluted soil by AM.This paper briefly reviewed the effects of different organic and inorganic pollutants on AM structure,formation and function,and discussed the possible mechanisms.Both organic and inorganic pollutants could have detrimental effects on AM structure,formation and function,such as low spore germination,colonization rate,and hyphal growth.Organic pollutants indirectly affect the activity of AM fungi through affecting the carbohydrates allocation from plant to the fungi,while heavy metals directly inhibited the activity of AM fungi.