Nigella sativa thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats |
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| Authors: | Maznah Ismail Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan |
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| Institution: | 1. Nutrigenomics Program, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience;2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;1. College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia;2. Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, 247121, Uttar Pradesh, India;1. Health Care Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;2. Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;1. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey;3. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey;4. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nam?k Kemal University, Tekirda?, Turkey;5. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Health Information Technology Department, Jeddah Community College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India;3. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India;4. Oman Medical College, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman;5. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi-110062, India;6. Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia;7. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;8. Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India;1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India;2. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India;1. Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute for Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany;2. Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon |
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| Abstract: | The antioxidant activities of the thymoquinone-rich fraction (TQRF) extracted from Nigella sativa and its bioactive compound, thymoquinone (TQ), in rats with induced hypercholesterolemia were investigated. Rats were fed a semipurified diet supplemented with 1% (w/w) cholesterol and were treated with TQRF and TQ at dosages ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 g/kg and 20 to 100 mg/kg body wt, respectively, for 8 weeks. The hydroxyl radical (OH·)-scavenging activity of plasma samples collected from experimental rats was measured by electron spin resonance. The GenomeLab Genetic Analysis System was used to study the molecular mechanism that mediates the antioxidative properties of TQRF and TQ. Plasma total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in the TQRF- and TQ-treated rats compared to untreated rats. Feeding rats a 1% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in plasma antioxidant capacity, as measured by the capacity to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. However, rats treated with TQRF and TQ at various doses showed significant inhibitory activity toward the formation of OH· compared to untreated rats. Upon examination of liver RNA expression levels, treatment with TQRF and TQ caused the up-regulation of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX) genes compared to untreated rats (P < 0.05). In support of this, liver antioxidant enzyme levels, including SOD1 and GPX, were also apparently increased in the TQRF- and TQ-treated rats compared to untreated rats (P < 0.05). In conclusion, TQRF and TQ effectively improved the plasma and liver antioxidant capacity and enhanced the expression of liver antioxidant genes of hypercholesterolemic rats. |
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