Non-canonical functions of RGS proteins |
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| Authors: | Nan Sethakorn Douglas M Yau Nickolai O Dulin |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada;1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;2. School of Pharmacy, D''Youville College, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA;2. Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada;3. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada;4. Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) proteins are united into a family by the presence of the RGS domain which serves as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for various Galpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. Through this mechanism, RGS proteins regulate signalling of numerous G protein-coupled receptors. In addition to the RGS domains, RGS proteins contain diverse regions of various lengths that regulate intracellular localization, GAP activity or receptor selectivity of RGS proteins, often through interaction with other partners. However, it is becoming increasingly appreciated that through these non-RGS regions, RGS proteins can serve non-canonical functions distinct from inactivation of Galpha subunits. This review summarizes the data implicating RGS proteins in the (i) regulation of G protein signalling by non-canonical mechanisms, (ii) regulation of non-G protein signalling, (iii) signal transduction from receptors not coupled to G proteins, (iv) activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and (v) non-canonical functions in the nucleus. |
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