Plant-livestock-soil-hydrology interactions in the northeastern region of India |
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Authors: | Uttam C Sharma Vikas Sharma |
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Institution: | (1) V.P.O. Tarore district Jammu, Centre for Natural Resources Management, Jammu, India;(2) S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Chatha, Jammu, 180009 J&K, India |
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Abstract: | In a multidisciplinary study, highly significant interactional effects were found among land use, livestock component, soil
properties and rainfall. On an average, 16.2 to 82.2 tonnes of sediment yield km−2 and more than 90% of rainwater was retained in-situ in new land use systems as against 3621.3 tonnes of sediment and 66.3% rainwater retention in shifting cultivation, because
of poor land cover. Good vegetation cover reduced the runoff load, resulting in significant reduction in the soil and nutrient
erosion. The average sediment yield was only 0.44%, 2.68%, 1.47%, 0.31%, 0.73% and 2.27% in livestock based, forestry, agro-forestry,
agriculture, agri-horti-silvi-pastoral and horticulture land use systems of that of shifting cultivation. Highest average
sediment yield was 704.3 t km−2 when the annual rainfall was 2770 mm and minimum 405.4 t km−2 when the annual rainfall was 1992 mm. More in-situ retention of rainwater helped in the availability of adequate moisture
from the soil to the succeeding crops when the rainy season receded. The sediment yield varied according to the rainfall received
during a particular year and the nature of vegetation in a particular land use. There was sufficient fertility build-up in
the watersheds where animals were kept and after ten years of start of the study, no need of inorganic sources of nutrients
was required. The organic carbon, humus, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and available phosphorus increased significantly
in the new land use systems compared to shifting cultivation, however, the DTPA (Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid) extractable
zinc, copper, iron and exchangeable aluminium decreased over the initial soil status. It showed that the vegetation in the
new land uses had a smothering effect on the soil and increase in the elements had a favourable impact on the crop productivity. |
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Keywords: | plant-livestock-soil-hydrology interactions northeastern region of India |
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