Theoretical and experimental study of the space-charge oscillations in the electron-optical system of a relativistic gyrotron

A theoretical and experimental study of the oscillations of a space-charge cloud in a magnetron-injection gun of a powerful relativistic gyrotron has been performed. The charge storage occurs via electron-beam magnetic compression of the reflection of a part of the electrons having the highest transverse velocities from a magnetic mirror. It has been established that at high values of the compression coefficient the beam loses its stability that finally leads to the appearance of the beam current modulation at the frequency of the longitudinal oscillations of an electron beam in an adiabatic trap. According to the numerical simulations, the energy spread in the formed beam under these conditions reaches 4.6%, which is higher by an order of magnitude than that due to the space-charge effect in the beam transported along the metal tube.