河南浙川的人类牙齿化石

<正> 1973年夏我所邱占祥同志等在河南南阳市的中药材仓库中发现一枚人的上前臼齿。据仓库同志说,它是从淅川县收购来的。本文作者与孙文书同志于同年9月前往南阳地区,与南阳市博物馆王儒林同志等一起从南阳药材仓库和西峡县药材仓库及药店的“龙骨”中又找到十二枚人的牙齿化石。据了解,这些化石都是在淅川县收购以后转运来销售

HUMAN FOSSIL TEETH FROM XICHUAN,HENAN

The study of thirteen human fossil teeth collected from the storehouses of Chinese medicine in Nanyang and Xisha, Henan Province is reported in this paper. All of these were said by the responsible members of the storehouses as being transported from Xichuan County. 1, PA523, a left C. The crown is slightly longer than those of the average of Homo erectus. Its breadth falls within the range of the latter. A cingulum can be seen on the distal surfaces of the crown. The root is slender than those of Peking Man. 2, PA524, a left p~2. It shows faint cingulum on the disto-buccal surface. The constriction of the neck approximates those of Peking Man. On the proximal surface there is a vertical deep furrow dividing the root into two parts of nearly equal size. Judging from the size it probably belongs to Homo erectus. 3. PA525, a right P~2. There is a distinct cingulum on the lingual surface. The talonid is large. The root is robust and attenuates abruptly at its tip. 4, PA526 and PA527, P_1 of both sides. There are faint cingula ascending along the demarcation line between the buccal and proximal surfaces. The breadth of the crown approximates those of Homo erectus and is much larger than those of Homo sapiens. The robustness of the roots is similar to that of Homo erectus. 5, PA528, a left P_2. The posterior fovea is larger than the anterior one. A cingulum can just be seen on the buccal surface. It is close to those of Homo erectus in size. 6, PA529, a right M~1 or M~2. It is particularly large. A cingulum can just be seen on the proximal part of the buccal surface. 7, PA530, a right M~1 or M~2. Its size falls within the range of that of Australopithecus and Peking Man. The breadth is larger than most of those of Homo sapiens. 8, PA531, PA532, M_1 or M_2 of both sides. They are probably belonging to those of Homo erectus in size. 9, PA533, a left M_2. The trigonid is nearly equal to the talonid in length and breadth. There is a cingulum on the buccal and distal surfaces. The root is robust. 10, PA535, a left M_3. The trigonid is longer and wider than the talonid. A cingulum is present. 11, PA534, a deciduous right M_2. The trigonid is higher than the talonid. It is even larger than those of the male Peking Man. The measurements of these teeth are shown in the Chinese text. The X-ray films of these teeth are shown in the Plate (Nos. 28—34). Judging from the morphology and size, these teeth probably belong to Homo erectus, though some of them seem to be slightly more progressive than the others. Because of the normal variation in morphology of human teeth, it is also possible that they belong to one single population. A Homo erectus site in Yunxian County, Hubei Province is the only human fossil locality nearby. Before being excavated by the scientists this cave was dug by the native peasants who sold the fossils to the drugstore of Xichuan County. Therefore, all or most of these teeth might come from that cave.