肠道菌群与抗生素相关性腹泻的关系

肠道菌群作为分布在人体肠道内的微生物菌群，对发挥肠道正常生理功能起到了至关重要的作用。临床研究表明，大量使用广谱性抗菌药物会打破肠道菌群的平衡，导致抗生素相关性腹泻(Antibiotic-associated diarrhea，AAD)。然而，不同的肠道菌群与AAD的关系不尽相同。本文分别从致病菌导致AAD的机制、益生菌预防和治疗AAD的原理，以及条件致病菌与AAD的关系等方面进行综述，旨在为肠道菌群与AAD的研究提供理论依据，同时为临床上更精准地预防、诊断和治疗AAD提供参考。

Relationship between intestinal flora and antibiotic-associated diarrhea

As a microbial flora distributed in the human intestine, the intestinal flora plays an important part in the normal physiological function of the intestine. Clinical studies have revealed that extensive use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials breaks the balance of the intestinal flora, leading to antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). However, the relationship between different intestinal flora and AAD is not identical. This paper reviews the mechanism of AAD caused by pathogenic bacteria, the principle of prevention and treatment of AAD by probiotic, and the relationship between conditional pathogens and AAD in order to provide theoretical basis for the study of intestinal flora and AAD. At the same time, it provides references for more accurate prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AAD.