中国桑科植物属的空间分布及多样性

该研究以FRPS《中国植物志》全文电子版网站、中国在线植物志(eFlora)网站和国家标本资源共享平台(NSII)网站收录的全部中国桑科植物数据为基础,以部分省的植物志以及正式发表的论文为补充,查找每一个桑科植物的具体分布地点(精确到县一级),并采用地理信息系统技术,以县为空间数据的基本单元,以桑科12属的植物为研究对象,制作属的空间分布图,计算空间相似性系数,分析桑科植物各属的空间多样性及其差异。结果表明:(1)中国桑科植物中桑属的分布最广,橙桑属的分布最狭窄。(2)橙桑属与其他属的空间分布相似性系数均较低(0~0.0444),其中橙桑属与见血封喉属和牛筋藤属的相似性系数均为0,表明橙桑属与其他属的分布几乎没有重叠区;榕属与构属和柘属的空间分布相似性系数分别为0.7394和0.6795,表明这3属的空间分布有较多的重叠区;见血封喉属的分布范围较广,从热带到亚热带地区均有。(3)中国桑科植物属的多样化中心(保护区域)集中在热带和亚热带地区,其中波罗蜜属和葎草属的多样化中心均在云南,鹊肾树属的多样化中心在海南,柘属的多样化中心从热带、南亚热带扩大至中亚热带地区;榕属在中国有98个种,多样化中心分布在甘肃东南部、贵州东北部、云南南部、广西西南部、台湾南部和海南西部;桑属(11个种)的多样化中心分布在重庆南部、湖北南部、湖南西北部、贵州中南部、云南东部和广西西部。研究认为,中国桑科植物属的多样化中心各有特点,基于县的空间分布及多样性研究结果能够具体确定中国桑科植物属的最小保护区域;且该研究结果支持贵州地区是桑属植物的分化中心和过渡中心。

Spatial Distribution and Diversity of All Genera in Moraceae of China

The distribution sites of every species in Moraceae of China were gotten in the websites of Flora Reipubliace Popularis Sinicae, eFlora of China, National Specimen Information Infrastructure, and the relevant books and papers. The site is accurate to county of China. Geographic Information System is used in the paper. Spatial data with 12 genera of Moraceae is composed of every county. Spatial distribution map of genera is made. Spatial similarity coefficient is calculated. Spatial diversities and differences between genera in Moraceae are analyzed. (1) Morus is the most widely distributed in all genera and Maclura is the most narrowly distributed in China. (2) Spatial similarity coefficients between Maclura and other genera are low (0-0.044 4). The coefficients between Maclura and Antiaris, Malaisia are 0. These mean that there are little overlapping areas between Maclura and other genera in spatial distribution. The coefficients between Ficus and Broussonetia, Cudrania are 0.739 4, 0.679 5. This means that there are more overlapping areas between the three genera. The spatial distribution of the Antiaris is from tropical to subtropical region. (3) The diversity centers (protected areas) of all genera are in tropical and subtropical zones in Moraceae of China. Artocarpus and Humulus are in Yunnan, but Streblus is in Hainan. The diversity centers of Cudrania have expanded from tropical and south subtropics to middle subtropics. There are 98 species in Ficus of China. Diversity centers of Ficus are in southeast Gansu, northeast Guizhou, southern Yunnan, southwest Guangxi, southern Taiwan and western Hainan. There are 11 species in Morus of China. Diversity centers of Morus are in southern Chongqing, southern Hubei, northwest Hunan, central and southern Guizhou, eastern Yunnan and western Guangxi. The results suggest that diversity centers of genera in Moraceae of China have their own characteristics. It is more accurate to study on spatial distribution and diversity of Moraceae based on county, which can determine the minimum range to protect genera of Moraceae. The results support that centers of differentiation and transition in Morus are in Guizhou.