1.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa?a, Istanbul, Turkey ;2.Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey ;3.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavac?k, Istanbul, Turkey ;4.Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey ;5.Department of Neurosurgery, Mehmet Ali Ayd?nlar University, Istanbul, Turkey ;6.Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey ;
Abstract:
Background
Dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is one of the most common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Pathological processes causing PD were suggested to initiate in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and proceed to the central nervous system (CNS). There are studies showing that low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets can improve motor symptoms of PD. Caprylic acid (C8) is the principal fatty acid component of the medium-chain triglycerides in the ketogenic diets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of caprylic acid, in neurotoxin exposed zebrafish focusing on the relationship between intestinal and brain oxidative stress and inflammation.
Methods
Adult zebrafish were exposed to rotenone (5 μg/L) (R group) and caprylic acid (20 and 60 mg/mL) (L?+?HDCA and R?+?HDCA groups) for 30 days. At the end of 30 days locomotor activities were determined. Levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide, glutathione and superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods and gene expressions of tnf?, il1, il6, il21, ifn? and bdnf were evaluated by RT-PCR in the brain and intestinal tissues of zebrafish.
Results
Caprylic acid ameliorated LPO, NO, SOD and the expressions of tnf?, il1, il6, il21, ifn? and bdnf in brain and intestines. Locomotor activities were only ameliorated in high dose R?+?HDCA group.
Conclusions
Caprylic acid ameliorated the neurotoxin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation both in the brain and intestines and enhanced locomotor activity in zebrafish.