Circadian organization in the pigeon,Columba livia: the role of the pineal organ and the eye |
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Authors: | Shizufumi Ebihara Keiko Uchiyama Itsuki Oshima |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan;(2) Present address: Institute of Neuroscience University of Oregon, 97403 Eugene, OR, USA |
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Abstract: | Summary The roles of the pineal organ and the eye in the control of circadian locomotor rhythmicity were studied in the pigeon (Columba livia). Neither pinealectomy nor blinding abolished the circadian rhythms in constant dim light conditions (LLdim). All the pinealectomized birds and the blinded birds entrained to light-dark (LD) cycles with no discernible anticipatory activity. However, the birds which had been both pinealectomized and blinded showed no circadian rhythms in prolonged LLdim. These birds entrained to LD cycles with anticipatory activity and showed residual rhythmicity for a while after transfer from LD cycles to LLdim. Continuous administration of melatonin induced suppression of the circadian rhythms and reduced total amount of locomotor activity in LLdim. These results suggest that not only the pineal organ but also the eye (perhaps the retina) is involved in the pigeon's circadian system.Abbreviations
NAT
N-acetyltransferase
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LLdim
constant dim light
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cadian period
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SCN
suprachiasmatic nucleus
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circadian activity time
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LD
light-dark |
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