白桦杂交子代家系生长变异及稳定性分析

在幼龄林时期开展早期稳定性选择研究，为各造林地点及环境条件相似的毗邻地区选择优树，是林木遗传改良的重要环节之一。本文以21个白桦家系为材料，分别在庆安、尚志、辉南、丹东等4个试验点营建子代测定林，对2年生白桦树高和地径等性状进行多地点联合分析，结果表明：树高与地径性状在各地点间和各家系间以及家系与地点的交互作用上均达到差异极显著水平（P＜0.01）。在庆安试验点生长较好的有：201、203等家系；在尚志试验点生长较好的有:203、206、201、312、316、205等家系；辉南试验点生长较好的有：203家系；在丹东试验点生长较好的有：325、203、310、204、201、316等家系。采用Tai模型对参试家系的地径性状进行稳定性评价，结果显示:203与201家系是生长表现优异、稳定性强的最优家系；309、308、205、316、302和206等6个家系生长表现较好，生长适应性较强，是较好家系；311家系受环境条件影响大,为敏感型家系；325家系生长表现在各点均不一致，为不稳定家系。研究结果不仅为白桦优良家系的评价选择提供理论依据，而且也为优良亲本选择提供参考。

Growth Variation and Stability Analysis of Birch Crossbreed Families

Launching stable selection research in the period of young forest and selecting excellent tree for adjacent areas is a key step of genetic improvement. We measured the height(H) and basic diameter(BD) of 21 families planted two years ago in the counties of Huinan and Qing’an, and the cities of Shangzhi and Dandong. H and BD differences among sites and families, and interaction between sites and families, were highly significant(P<0.01). Families 201 and 203 had excellent traits at Qing’an, followed by 203, 206, 201, 312, 316 and 205 at Shangzhi, 203 at Huinan, and 325, 203, 310, 204, 201 and 316 at Dandong. We obtained stable evaluation results using D based on the Tai model. Families 203 and 201 owned excellent growth performance and strong stability of optimal family, followed by 309, 308, 205, 316, 302 and 206, 311 greatly affected by environmental was sensitivity family, 325 inconsistent growth performance among sites was instability family. These results can provide a theoretical basis for excellent family selection and constitute a reference for birch superior parent selection.