重金属铅对3种蕨类植物孢子萌发和配子体发育的影响

研究了重金属铅对水蕨、中华桫椤和扇蕨孢子萌发及其对水蕨配子体发育的影响。结果表明：随着铅浓度的增加，水蕨、中华桫椤和扇蕨孢子的萌发率逐渐降低；在低于10^-4 mol·L^-1的环境中，水蕨孢子可以正常萌发；在低于10^-5 mol·L^-1的环境中，中华桫椤和扇蕨孢子能正常萌发；水蕨、中华桫椤和扇蕨的孢子都对铅具有一定的耐受性；铅对水蕨配子体的发育存在一定影响，铅使水蕨配子体呈不规则的心脏形，多发育为雄配子体；精子器凹陷入原叶体边缘；配子体细胞中叶绿体分布不均匀。本研究为铅污染土壤的植物修复筛选后备植物。

Effects of Pb2+ on Spore Germination and Gametophyte Development of Three Species of Fern

We studied the effects of heavy metal Pb²⁺ on spore germination of Ceratopteris thalictroides, Alsophila costularis and Neocheiropteris palmatopedata and the gametophyte development of C.thalictroides. With the increasing of Pb²⁺, germination percentage of spores is reduced in C.thalictroides, A.costularis and N.palmatopedata. When the concentration is lower than 10^-4 mol·L^-1, the spore of C.thalictroides will germinate. When the concentration is lower than 10^-5 mol·L^-1, the spore of A.costularis and N.palmatopedata will germinate. Spores of C.thalictroides, A.costularis and N.palmatopedata have a certain tolerance to Pb²⁺. The heavy metal (Pb²⁺) have an effect on gametophyte development of C.thalictroides, which makes gametophyte irregular and produces more male gametophyte. The antheridium is recessed into the edge of prothallium, and the chloroplast is unevenly distributed in the C.thalictroides. The present investigation provided some selective plants which can repair the Pb²⁺ polluted soil.