Analysis of motor units with high-density surface electromyography |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratorio di Ingegneria del Sistema Neuromuscolare, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 – 10129 Torino, Italy;2. Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;1. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;2. Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands;3. Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;4. School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK;5. School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia;6. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA;7. Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;8. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, Maribor, Slovenia;9. Faculty of Sport Sciences, Laboratory “Movement, Interactions, Performance” (EA 4334), University of Nantes, Nantes, France;10. Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France;11. Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;12. Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia;13. UCD School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland;14. US Department of Veterans Affairs, United States;15. LISiN, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy;p. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA;q. Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA;r. Department of Clinical Research and Department of Sports Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;s. School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;t. Auckland Bioengineering Institute and Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;u. Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA;v. Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK;w. Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK;x. Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;y. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK;z. Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia;1. Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan;2. Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan;3. Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Japan;4. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan;5. Japan Community Health Care Organization, Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Japan;1. LISiN, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy;2. Now at Shirley Ryan Ability Lab and Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;1. Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Science, Chukyo University, 101 Tokodachi, Kaizu-cho, Toyota-shi, Aichi 470-0393, Japan;2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;3. Toyota Motor Corporation, 1 Toyotacho, Toyota-shi, Aichi 471-8571, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Although the behaviour of individual motor units is classically studied with intramuscular EMG, recently developed techniques allow its analysis also from EMG recorded in multiple locations over the skin surface (high-density surface EMG). The analysis of motor units from the surface EMG is useful when the insertion of needles is not desirable or not possible. Moreover, surface EMG allows the measure of motor unit properties which are difficult to assess with invasive technology (e.g., muscle fiber conduction velocity or location of innervation zones) and may increase the number of detectable motor units with respect to selective intramuscular recordings. Although some limitations remain, both the discharge pattern and muscle fiber properties of individual motor units can currently be analyzed non-invasively. This review presents the conditions and methodologies which allow the investigation of motor units with surface EMG. |
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