Insect pests in winter oilseed rape affected by field and landscape characteristics |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;2. Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa;3. Department of Biological Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China;4. Agricultural School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;1. INRA, UR 980, SAD-Paysage, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France;2. INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP, F-35653 Le Rheu, France;3. Bio-Protection Research Centre, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln University 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand;4. INRA, UE 411 Domaine Expérimental Alénya Roussillon, F-66200 Alénya, France;1. CSIRO, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia;2. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala 75007, Sweden;1. USDA-ARS Northern Plains Agricultural Research Lab, 1500 North Central Ave, Sidney, MT 59270, USA;2. Iowa State University, Entomology, 339 Science Hall II, Ames, IA, 50011, USA;3. Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, 210 Walster Hall, NDSU Dept. 7660, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA;4. Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, 270 Hultz Hall, NDSU Dept. 7650 PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA |
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| Abstract: | Winter oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus) cropping is often associated with an intensive use of pesticides. The transformation of structurally rich landscapes into more monotonous landscapes may be partly responsible for this, because non-crop habitats believed to benefit natural enemies have been eliminated. We examined the influence of field (soil quality, nitrogen fertilization) and landscape characteristics (OSR area and isolation, non-crop area, landscape diversity, proportions of grassy fallows and woody areas) on three major European OSR pest groups: pollen beetles, stem weevils, and brassica pod midges. Twenty-nine landscape sectors ranging from structurally poor to complex were studied at eight spatial scales (radii 250–2000 m) centered in the studied OSR fields. Abundances of pollen beetles and stem weevils were significantly positively correlated with soil quality and negatively related to OSR area in the surroundings. Generally, abundances of all groups were positively related to woody areas, but not related to grassy fallow area. Pod midges and stem weevils tended to respond primarily to landscape variables at small (250–500 m) and medium (1000–1250 m) scales, while pollen beetles responded at medium to large (1000–2000 m) scales. The results are discussed in relation to differences in overwintering strategies and mobility of pest insects. Strategies at the field and landscape level, aiming to reduce pest pressure in OSR fields, are also discussed. |
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