Additive partitioning of plant diversity with respect to grassland management regime,fertilisation and abiotic factors |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Centre for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Göttingen, Am Vogelsang 6, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;2. Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Production, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy;3. Saxon State Institute for Agriculture, Livestock Production, Grassland and Forage Production, Christgrün 13, 08543 Pöhl, Germany;4. Department of Crop Sciences, Grassland Science, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;1. Instituto do Mar-CMA, Dept. of Life Sciences, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal;2. UMR CNRS 5023, Biodiversité des Ecoystèmes Lotiques, Bât Forel, 6 rue R. Dubois, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France;1. KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Bio-Economics, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;2. ‘Het Bolhuis’, Asdonkstraat 49, 3294 Molenstede-Diest, Belgium;3. KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;1. Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Swedish National Phenology Network, Unit for Field-based Forest Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-360 30 Lammhult, Sweden;3. Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;1. Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy;2. Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy;3. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy;4. Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy;1. Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island, Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration; School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;2. Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China;3. Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China |
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| Abstract: | Understanding patterns of vascular plant diversity in managed temperate grasslands and the processes that determine them requires analyses at multiple spatial scales. In this study, we applied additive partitioning to plant species richness data of two contrasting management regimes (meadow vs. pasture) collected from a nested sampling design that consisted of two hierarchical scales. At the local scale, we quantified additive diversity components in 180 vegetation plots, and at the regional scale in 60 grassland parcels. Total observed regional species richness (γr) was partitioned into its additive components within (αl) and among vegetation plots (βl) and among grassland parcels (βr). We used the same approach in a comparison of common and infrequent plant species. Partitioning analyses revealed that the relative contributions of diversity components to total observed regional species richness changed as a function of spatial scale. We found that species richness among grassland parcels (βr) of both meadows and pastures contributed most to total observed regional species richness (γr) of all and infrequent plant species (up to 81% and 96%, respectively), whereas for common species only up to 51% of γr were attributable to species richness among grassland parcels (βr). To gain insight into the processes that may affect local patterns of species richness in grasslands, we analysed the observed local species diversity components with respect to management regime, nitrogen fertilisation and abiotic environmental factors (slope angle and soil quality). Our results show that grazing at a low-to-moderate stocking density promotes the β-diversity of all plant species at the local scale due to increased within-habitat heterogeneity. Low application rates of nitrogen fertilisers and abiotic environmental conditions such as steep slopes and soils with a low nutrient status generally benefited local species diversity components. We conclude that the observed patterns of plant species diversity are shaped by processes at multiple spatial scales. |
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