Troglitazone exhibits immunomodulatory activity on the cytokine production of activated human lymphocytes.

Troglitazone (TGL), a thiazolidinedione compound that improves the response of peripheral target tissue to insulin, also has anti-inflammatory properties, a potential means of protection from Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes. In order to test the ability of TGL to affect cytokine production, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors were exposed to TGL in the presence or absence of a polyclonal activator (PHA) and the production of cytokines assayed. TGL enhanced PHA response, promoted secretion of the cytokines granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor and leukaemia inhibitory factor and inhibited tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion, consistent with causing Th-2 differentiation in T-cells. These results suggest that TGL is capable of modulating cytokine production and could therefore influence Th1/Th2 differentiation.