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Effect of photoperiod on in vitro tuberization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors:Janet E A Seabrook  Shirlyn Coleman  David Levy
Institution:(1) Agriculture Canada Research Station, P.O. Box 20280, E3B 4Z7 Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada;(2) Plant Propagation Centre, New Brunswick Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 6000, E3B 5H1 Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada;(3) Department of Vegetable Crops, The Volcani Center, ARO, 50-250 Bet Dagen, Israel
Abstract:Single-node cuttings of potato cultivars lsquoJemsegrsquo, lsquoKatahdinrsquo, lsquoRusset Burbankrsquo and lsquoSuperiorrsquo were cultured on a multiplication medium containing MS salts and no growth regulators. Cultures were exposed to 8 h (SD) and 16 h (LD) photoperiodic regimes. The subsequent plantlets were excised and single node cuttings from each photoperiodic regime were placed under SD or LD on a second medium containing growth regulators which promoted tuberization. Production of microtubers was strongly influenced by genotype and by photoperiodic treatments. lsquoSuperiorrsquo produced stunted plantlets and some microtubers under SD conditions in the multiplication medium. The number of microtubers formed by lsquoJemsegrsquo was not influenced by photoperiod. However, lsquoKatahdinrsquo and lsquoRusset Burbankrsquo formed fewer microtubers under LD-LD conditions compared to LD-SD, SD-SD and SD-LD regimes. Compared with the other regimes, LD-SD photoperiod generally promoted microtuber formation with larger diameters and significantly (p<0.05) greater fresh weight. The intensity of the tuberization stimulus was affected by daylength, and this was characterized by microtubers with secondary tubers, the growth of more than one axillary microtuber, and microtubers subtended by stolons. The maturity group of the potato cultivars and photoperiodic regime in vitro strongly influenced the production of microtubers. These results can be employed to adapt light regimes for multiplication and tuberization to the specific requirements for cultivars from different maturity groups, and thus increase the efficiency of potato multiplication protocols.
Keywords:daylength  in vitro  microtuber  photoperiod  potato  secondary tuber  Solanum tuberosum  stolons  tissue culture  tuberization
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