Analysis of the evolutionary forces shaping mitochondrial genomes of a Neotropical malaria vector complex |
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Authors: | Krzywinski Jaroslaw Li Cong Morris Marion Conn Jan E Lima José B Povoa Marinete M Wilkerson Richard C |
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Institution: | a Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK;b Division of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, USA;c Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, WRAIR, Museum Support Center, MRC 534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20746-2863, USA;d Wadsworth Center, Griffin Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA;e Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York-Albany, Empire Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA;f Department of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;g Laboratório de Malária, Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, BR-316, km 7 s/n, B. Levilândia, 67030-000 Ananindeua, PA, Brazil |
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Abstract: | Many vectors of human malaria belong to complexes of morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. Here we report the analysis of the newly sequenced complete mitochondrial DNA molecules from six recognized or putative species of one such group, the Neotropical Anopheles albitarsis complex. The molecular evolution of these genomes had been driven by purifying selection, particularly strongly acting on the RNA genes. Directional mutation pressure associated with the strand-asynchronous asymmetric mtDNA replication mechanism may have shaped a pronounced DNA strand asymmetry in the nucleotide composition in these and other Anopheles species. The distribution of sequence polymorphism, coupled with the conflicting phylogenetic trees inferred from the mitochondrial DNA and from the published white gene fragment sequences, indicates that the evolution of the complex may have involved ancient mtDNA introgression. Six protein coding genes (nad5, nad4, cox3, atp6, cox1 and nad2) have high levels of sequence divergence and are likely informative for population genetics studies. Finally, the extent of the mitochondrial DNA variation within the complex supports the notion that the complex consists of a larger number of species than until recently believed. |
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Keywords: | Comparative genomics Mitochondrial genome evolution Replication origin Introgressive hybridization Malaria vectors |
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