New times for biology: nerve cultures and the advent of cellular life in vitro |
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| Authors: | Hannah Landecker |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;2. Department of Interventional Radiology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands;3. Department of Interventional Radiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;4. Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of medicine, St. Michael''s Hospital, Toronto, Canada;5. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Canada;6. Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;7. Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;8. Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands;9. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Toronto HHT Centre, St. Michael''s Hospital, Toronto, Canada;1. Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America;2. Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America;3. Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America |
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| Abstract: | This article is about the beginnings of tissue culture—the culture of living, reproducing cells of complex organisms outside the body. It argues that Ross Harrison’s experiments in nerve culture between 1907 and 1910 should be viewed as part of a larger shift in early twentieth-century laboratory practice from in vivo to in vitro experimentation. Via a focus on the temporality of experiment—contrasting the live object of Harrison’s investigation with the static object of histological representations—this article details the production of a new and surprising form of life, cellular life in vitro. Tissue culture, developed from Harrison’s experiments, was greeted with great surprise and disbelief, despite Harrison’s protestations that he had merely juxtaposed extant techniques. An analysis of these initial reactions to tissue culture illuminates the extent to which cells living visibly outside of the body in glass broke with in vivo practices and assumptions of the hiddenness and interiority of certain processes of growth and change. |
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| Keywords: | Tissue culture Histology Temporality Alexis Carrel Ross Harrison |
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