Structural Complexity Enhancement increases fungal species richness in northern hardwood forests |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;2. Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;1. Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Gaverstraat 4, B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium;2. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;3. Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Melle, Belgium;1. Laboratory of Biological Spatial Informations, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;2. Department of Avian Biology and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;1. Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic;2. Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25/27, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;1. University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, POB 35, FI-40014, Finland;2. Finnish Environment Institute, Biodiversity Unit, POB 140, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland;3. Jyvaskyla University Museum, POB 35, FI-40014, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland |
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| Abstract: | Forest management practices directly influence microhabitat characteristics important to the survival of fungi. Because fungal populations perform key ecological processes, there is interest in forestry practices that minimize deleterious effects on their habitats. We investigated the effects on fungal sporocarp diversity of modified uneven-aged forest management practices in northern hardwood ecosystems, including a technique called Structural Complexity Enhancement (SCE). SCE is designed to accelerate late-successional stand development; it was compared against two conventional selection systems (single tree and group) and unmanipulated controls. These were applied in a randomized block design to a mature, multi-aged forest in Vermont, USA. Eight years after treatment, fungal species richness was significantly greater in SCE plots compared to conventional selection harvests and controls (p < 0.001). Seven forest structure variables were tested for their influence on fungal species richness using a Classification and Regression Tree. The results suggested that dead tree and downed log recruitment, as well as maintenance of high levels of aboveground biomass, under SCE had a particularly strong effect on fungal diversity. Our findings show it is possible to increase fungal diversity using forestry practices that enhance stand structural complexity and late-successional forest characteristics. |
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| Keywords: | Biodiversity Coarse woody debris Fungi Northern hardwood forests Structural Complexity Enhancement |
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